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1 разрыв в развитии (экономики разных стран)
development gap4000 полезных слов и выражений > разрыв в развитии (экономики разных стран)
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2 разрыв в развитии экономики
разрыв в развитии экономики
(напр. различных стран)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разрыв в развитии экономики
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3 разрыв
1) divorce; (отсутствие связи) gap; (несоответствие тж.) disparityтехнологический разрыв (отставание в уровне технического развития одной страны по сравнению с другой) — technological / technology gap
разрыв в уровнях экономического развития — gap / disparities in the level of economic development
разрыв между денежными доходами и их материальным покрытием — gap between monetary incomes and available commodities
разрыв между потенциально возможным уровнем национального продукта и реальным валовым национальным продуктом — gross national product gap
разрыв между спросом и предложением — supply-demand gap, gap between demand and supply
2) (нарушение) breach, breaking off, rupture, severence, divorceвыступать за разрыв отношений (с кем-л.) — to stand for a break (with smb.)
положить конец разрыву между странами — to heal / to repair the breach between the countries
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4 отставание в развитии
1) General subject: development gap2) Medicine: backwardness, developmental delay, developmental lag, developmental multiplication (задержка)3) Agriculture: juvenilism4) Psychoanalysis: undevelopment5) Makarov: juvenilityУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > отставание в развитии
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5 пробел в развитии
General subject: development gap -
6 разрыв в развитии
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7 разрыв в развитии
( экономики одной страны по сравнению с другой) development gap -
8 desfase
m.1 gap (diferencia).llevamos un desfase de diez años con respecto a Suecia we are ten years behind Swedendesfase horario jet lag2 time lag.3 phase difference, difference, imbalance, phase lag.4 wrong timing.5 skew.6 phase change.7 out of phase.pres.subj.1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: desfasar.* * *1 (diferencia) imbalance, gap■ hay un gran desfase entre la demanda y la oferta there's great imbalance between supply and demand2 TÉCNICA phase difference\* * *SM (=diferencia) gap* * *masculino (Fís) phase lag; ( falta de correspondencia)* * *= datedness.Ex. The relative datedness of most in print guides implies that they will not always serve as a means of avoiding the considerable chore of searching the recent individual parts of current cumulative bibliographies.----* desfase cultural = cultural lag.* desfase musical = musical lag.* * *masculino (Fís) phase lag; ( falta de correspondencia)* * *= datedness.Ex: The relative datedness of most in print guides implies that they will not always serve as a means of avoiding the considerable chore of searching the recent individual parts of current cumulative bibliographies.
* desfase cultural = cultural lag.* desfase musical = musical lag.* * *1 ( Fís) phase lag2(falta de correspondencia): existe un gran desfase ideológico entre ellos ideologically they are totally out of phase o out of stephay un desfase entre su madurez física y su desarollo mental his physical maturity is out of step with his intellectual developmentdebemos romper este desfase we must stop lagging behind, we must correct this imbalanceCompuesto:jetlag* * *
Del verbo desfasarse: ( conjugate desfasarse)
me desfasé es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
me desfase es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo
se desfase es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo
desfase sustantivo masculino ( falta de correspondencia):◊ hay un desfase entre su madurez física y su desarollo mental his physical maturity is out of step with his intellectual development;
desfase de horario jetlag
desfase sustantivo masculino difference, gap
desfase horario, time lag
' desfase' also found in these entries:
English:
jet-lag
- jet
* * *desfase nm1. [diferencia] gap;llevamos un desfase de diez años con respecto a Suecia we are ten years behind Sweden;hay un desfase entre la oferta y la demanda supply is out of step with demanddesfase horario [después de un vuelo] jet lag2. Fís phase lag* * *m figgap* * *desfase nm: gap, lagdesfase horario: jet lag -
9 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
10 розрив
ч1) (прям. і перен.) rupture; ( невідповідність) gap, disparity; (між друзями, подружжям) break, severance; мех. disruption, abruption; ( місце) gapрозрив дипломатичних відносин — rupture (breaking off, severance) of diplomatic relations
розрив матки — hysterorrhexis, metrorrhexis
розрив фази тех. — one-line [one-phase] open fault, open-phase fault
2) ( снаряда) burst, explosion -
11 crear
v.1 to create.me crea muchos problemas it gives me a lot of trouble, it causes me a lot of problemsPicasso creó escuela Picasso's works have had a seminal influenceRicardo crea obras de arte Richard creates works of art.Ellas crean criaturas raras They create weird creatures.2 to invent.3 to found.4 to make, to make up.* * *1 (gen) to create3 (inventar) to invent1 to make, make for oneself2 (imaginarse) to imagine* * *verb1) to create2) originate* * *VT1) (=hacer, producir) [+ obra, objeto, empleo] to create2) (=establecer) [+ comisión, comité, fondo, negocio, sistema] to set up; [+ asociación, cooperativa] to form, set up; [+ cargo, puesto] to create; [+ movimiento, organización] to create, establish, found¿qué se necesita para crear una empresa? — what do you need in order to set up o start a business?
esta organización se creó para defender los derechos humanos — this organization was created o established o founded to defend human rights
aspiraban a crear un estado independiente — they aimed to create o establish o found an independent state
3) (=dar lugar a) [+ condiciones, clima, ambiente] to create; [+ problemas] to cause, create; [+ expectativas] to raiseel vacío creado por su muerte — the gap left o created by her death
4) liter (=nombrar) to make, appoint* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <obra/modelo/tendencia> to create, < producto> to developb) < sistema> to create, establish, set up; < institución> to set up, create; <comisión/fondo> to set up; < empleo> to create; < ciudad> to build2) <dificultades/problemas> to cause, create; <ambiente/clima> to create; <fama/prestigio> to bring; < reputación> to earn2.* * *= design (for/to), construct, create, engender, establish, fashion, forge, form, invent, set up, compose, originate, bring into + being, mint, found, institute, come into + existence, mother, come up with.Ex. In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.Ex. The objective in executing these three stages is to construct a document profile which reflects its subject = El propósito de llevar a cabo estas tres etapas es elaborar un perfil documental que refleje su materia.Ex. National agencies creating MARC records use national standards within their own country, and re-format records to UNIMARC for international exchange.Ex. In addition to problems with new subjects which lacked 'accepted' or established names, this guiding principle engendered inconsistency in the form of headings.Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.Ex. The preliminary discussions and proposals which led up to the AACR, did start out with an attempt to fashion an ideology, a philosophical context, for those rules.Ex. This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.Ex. Formed in 1969, the first operational system was implemented in 1972-3.Ex. Frequently, but not always, this same process will have been attempted by the author when inventing the title, and this explains why the title is often a useful aid to indexing.Ex. By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.Ex. There have never been any attempts to compose a bibliography of US government documents relating to international law.Ex. In the 'office of the present', a document is usually produced by several people: someone, say an administrator or manager, who originates and checks it, a typist, who prepares the text, and a draughtsman or artist who prepares the diagrams.Ex. MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.Ex. The article 'The newly minted MLS: what do we need to know today?' describes the skills which, ideally, every US library school graduate should possess at the end of the 1990s.Ex. The earliest community information service in Australia dates from as recently as 1958 when Citizens' Advice Bureaux, modelled on their British namesake, were founded in Perth = El primer servicio de información ciudadana de Australia es reciente y data de 1958 cuando se creó en Perth la Oficina de Información al Ciudadano, a imitación de su homónima británica.Ex. The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.Ex. Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.Ex. Necessity mothers invention, and certainly invention in the presentation of books mothers surprised interest.Ex. Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.----* crear adicción = be addictive.* crear alianzas = form + alliances, make + alliances.* crear apoyo = build + support.* crear canales para = establish + channels for.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* crear consenso = forge + consensus.* crear demanda = make + demand.* crear de nuevo = recreate [re-create].* crear desconfianza = create + distrust.* crear desesperación = yield + despair.* crear falsas ilusiones = create + false illusions.* crear interés = build + interest.* crear la ilusión = generate + illusion.* crear lazos = build up + links.* crear lazos afectivos = bond.* crear posibilidades = open + window, create + possibilities.* crear problemas = make + waves, build up + problems, make + trouble.* crear prototipos = prototype.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* crearse = build up, hew.* crearse el prestigio de ser = establish + a record as.* crear servidor web = put up + web site.* crearse una identidad = forge + identity.* crearse una vida = build + life.* crear una alianza = forge + alliance.* crear una base = form + a basis.* crear una buena impresión en = make + a good impression on.* crear una coalición = forge + coalition.* crear una colección = build + collection.* crear un acuerdo = work out + agreement.* crear una familia = have + a family.* crear una ilusión = create + illusion.* crear una imagen = build + an image, create + image, summon up + image.* crear una injusticia = create + injustice.* crear una marca de identidad = branding.* crear una ocasión = create + opportunity.* crear una preocupación = create + concern.* crear una situación = create + a situation.* crear un clima = promote + climate.* crear un comité = set up + committee.* crear un entorno = create + an environment.* crear un equilibrio = establish + a balance.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.* crear un grupo = set up + group.* crear un índice = generate + index.* crear un mercado para = produce + a market for.* crear un perfil = compile + profile, formulate + profile.* crear un servidor web = open up + web site.* crear vínculos = build up + links.* crear vínculos afectivos = bond.* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.* que crea adicción = addictive.* que crea hábito = addictive.* volver a crear = recreate [re-create].* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <obra/modelo/tendencia> to create, < producto> to developb) < sistema> to create, establish, set up; < institución> to set up, create; <comisión/fondo> to set up; < empleo> to create; < ciudad> to build2) <dificultades/problemas> to cause, create; <ambiente/clima> to create; <fama/prestigio> to bring; < reputación> to earn2.* * *= design (for/to), construct, create, engender, establish, fashion, forge, form, invent, set up, compose, originate, bring into + being, mint, found, institute, come into + existence, mother, come up with.Ex: In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.
Ex: The objective in executing these three stages is to construct a document profile which reflects its subject = El propósito de llevar a cabo estas tres etapas es elaborar un perfil documental que refleje su materia.Ex: National agencies creating MARC records use national standards within their own country, and re-format records to UNIMARC for international exchange.Ex: In addition to problems with new subjects which lacked 'accepted' or established names, this guiding principle engendered inconsistency in the form of headings.Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.Ex: The preliminary discussions and proposals which led up to the AACR, did start out with an attempt to fashion an ideology, a philosophical context, for those rules.Ex: This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.Ex: Formed in 1969, the first operational system was implemented in 1972-3.Ex: Frequently, but not always, this same process will have been attempted by the author when inventing the title, and this explains why the title is often a useful aid to indexing.Ex: By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.Ex: There have never been any attempts to compose a bibliography of US government documents relating to international law.Ex: In the 'office of the present', a document is usually produced by several people: someone, say an administrator or manager, who originates and checks it, a typist, who prepares the text, and a draughtsman or artist who prepares the diagrams.Ex: MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.Ex: The article 'The newly minted MLS: what do we need to know today?' describes the skills which, ideally, every US library school graduate should possess at the end of the 1990s.Ex: The earliest community information service in Australia dates from as recently as 1958 when Citizens' Advice Bureaux, modelled on their British namesake, were founded in Perth = El primer servicio de información ciudadana de Australia es reciente y data de 1958 cuando se creó en Perth la Oficina de Información al Ciudadano, a imitación de su homónima británica.Ex: The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.Ex: Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.Ex: Necessity mothers invention, and certainly invention in the presentation of books mothers surprised interest.Ex: Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.* crear adicción = be addictive.* crear alianzas = form + alliances, make + alliances.* crear apoyo = build + support.* crear canales para = establish + channels for.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* crear consenso = forge + consensus.* crear demanda = make + demand.* crear de nuevo = recreate [re-create].* crear desconfianza = create + distrust.* crear desesperación = yield + despair.* crear falsas ilusiones = create + false illusions.* crear interés = build + interest.* crear la ilusión = generate + illusion.* crear lazos = build up + links.* crear lazos afectivos = bond.* crear posibilidades = open + window, create + possibilities.* crear problemas = make + waves, build up + problems, make + trouble.* crear prototipos = prototype.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* crearse = build up, hew.* crearse el prestigio de ser = establish + a record as.* crear servidor web = put up + web site.* crearse una identidad = forge + identity.* crearse una vida = build + life.* crear una alianza = forge + alliance.* crear una base = form + a basis.* crear una buena impresión en = make + a good impression on.* crear una coalición = forge + coalition.* crear una colección = build + collection.* crear un acuerdo = work out + agreement.* crear una familia = have + a family.* crear una ilusión = create + illusion.* crear una imagen = build + an image, create + image, summon up + image.* crear una injusticia = create + injustice.* crear una marca de identidad = branding.* crear una ocasión = create + opportunity.* crear una preocupación = create + concern.* crear una situación = create + a situation.* crear un clima = promote + climate.* crear un comité = set up + committee.* crear un entorno = create + an environment.* crear un equilibrio = establish + a balance.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* crear un fondo común de experiencias profesionales = pool + expertise.* crear un grupo = set up + group.* crear un índice = generate + index.* crear un mercado para = produce + a market for.* crear un perfil = compile + profile, formulate + profile.* crear un servidor web = open up + web site.* crear vínculos = build up + links.* crear vínculos afectivos = bond.* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.* que crea adicción = addictive.* que crea hábito = addictive.* volver a crear = recreate [re-create].* * *crear [A1 ]vtA1 ‹obra/modelo› to create; ‹tendencia› to createcrear una nueva imagen para el producto to create a new image for the productcrearon un producto revolucionario they developed o created a revolutionary product2 ‹sistema› to create, establish, set up; ‹institución› to set up, create; ‹comisión/fondo› to set up; ‹empleo› to createcrearon una ciudad en pleno desierto they built a city in the middle of the desertB ‹dificultades/problemas› to cause, create; ‹ambiente/clima› to create; ‹fama/prestigio› to bring; ‹reputación› to earnsu arrogancia le creó muchas enemistades his arrogance made him many enemiesno quiero crear falsas expectativas en mis alumnos I don't want to raise false hopes among my students, I don't want to give my students false hopesse crea muchas dificultades he creates o makes a lot of problems for himself¿para qué te creas más trabajo? why make more work for yourself?será difícil llenar el vacío creado con su desaparición it will be difficult to fill the gap left by his death* * *
crear ( conjugate crear) verbo transitivo
to create;
‹ producto› to develop;
‹institución/comisión/fondo› to set up;
‹fama/prestigio› to bring;
‹ reputación› to earn;◊ crea muchos problemas it causes o creates a lot of problems;
no quiero crear falsas expectativas I don't want to raise false hopes
crearse verbo pronominal ‹ problema› to create … for oneself;
‹ enemigos› to make
crear verbo transitivo to create
' crear' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
falsificar
- hacer
- ilusionar
- infundio
- rompecabezas
- constituir
- formar
- meter
English:
boat
- bonding
- create
- fashion
- never-never land
- rapport
- stage
- afoot
- develop
- devise
- disrupt
- establish
- illusion
- set
- you
* * *♦ vt1. [hacer, producir, originar] to create;crear empleo/riqueza to create jobs/wealth;han creado un nuevo ministerio para él they have created a new ministry for him;me crea muchos problemas it gives me a lot of trouble, it causes me a lot of problems;Picasso creó escuela Picasso's works have had a seminal influence2. [inventar] to invent;[poema, sinfonía] to compose, to write; [cuadro] to paint3. [fundar] to found* * *v/t create; empresa set up* * *crear vt1) : to create, to cause2) : to originate* * *crear vb1. (en general) to createlas esculturas que el artista ha creado en los últimos años the sculptures created by the artist during the last few years2. (comité, empresa, etc) to set up -
12 cubrir una necesidad
(v.) = cover + need, meet + need, serve + need, fill + need, fulfil + need, speak to + needEx. Colleges of Higher Education aim to cover the needs of their students by the provision of book and non-book materials.Ex. Many common needs could be met by shared accommodation and equipment.Ex. The public library, the university library, the library of a commercial firm, for example, each serve the various needs of differing groups of users.Ex. Collier's Encyclopedia 'has been designed and built to fill the needs of the most exacting school and home users'.Ex. The first edition was intended to fill this gap, and its reception, both in Britain and abroad, showed that it did indeed fulfil a real need.Ex. His long-espoused assertion that the development of any literacy takes off when it speaks to the needs of the individuals is clearly exemplified by the rapid assimilation of mobile communications technologies.* * *(v.) = cover + need, meet + need, serve + need, fill + need, fulfil + need, speak to + needEx: Colleges of Higher Education aim to cover the needs of their students by the provision of book and non-book materials.
Ex: Many common needs could be met by shared accommodation and equipment.Ex: The public library, the university library, the library of a commercial firm, for example, each serve the various needs of differing groups of users.Ex: Collier's Encyclopedia 'has been designed and built to fill the needs of the most exacting school and home users'.Ex: The first edition was intended to fill this gap, and its reception, both in Britain and abroad, showed that it did indeed fulfil a real need.Ex: His long-espoused assertion that the development of any literacy takes off when it speaks to the needs of the individuals is clearly exemplified by the rapid assimilation of mobile communications technologies. -
13 país desarrollado
m.developed country, DC.* * *(n.) = developed country, developed nation, advanced economy, first-world nationEx. The gap between the archivally developed and undeveloped countries has widened since 1979 and technical changes relating to automation, conservation, reprography, deterioration due to pollution and wear and tear cause increasing problems.Ex. Technology transfers between developed and underdeveloped nations have been the mainstays of economic development for over 30 years.Ex. The author looks at the likely future shifts in economic structures in advanced economies, as the information age replaces the industrial era, and regionalism gathers pace.Ex. But the real challenge to get it started is first to find the measures that can assuage the fear of the first-world nations.* * *(n.) = developed country, developed nation, advanced economy, first-world nationEx: The gap between the archivally developed and undeveloped countries has widened since 1979 and technical changes relating to automation, conservation, reprography, deterioration due to pollution and wear and tear cause increasing problems.
Ex: Technology transfers between developed and underdeveloped nations have been the mainstays of economic development for over 30 years.Ex: The author looks at the likely future shifts in economic structures in advanced economies, as the information age replaces the industrial era, and regionalism gathers pace.Ex: But the real challenge to get it started is first to find the measures that can assuage the fear of the first-world nations. -
14 país subdesarrollado
m.underdeveloped country, UDC.* * *(n.) = undeveloped country, underdeveloped nation, banana republic, mickey mouse countryEx. The gap between the archivally developed and undeveloped countries has widened since 1979 and technical changes relating to automation, conservation, reprography, deterioration due to pollution and wear and tear cause increasing problems.Ex. Technology transfers between developed and underdeveloped nations have been the mainstays of economic development for over 30 years.Ex. One might mistakenly be left with the impression that the crisis is a mere ' banana republic' squabble over power.Ex. Syria unlike Iran is a mickey mouse country in terms of military power therefore cannot take any such a risk.* * *(n.) = undeveloped country, underdeveloped nation, banana republic, mickey mouse countryEx: The gap between the archivally developed and undeveloped countries has widened since 1979 and technical changes relating to automation, conservation, reprography, deterioration due to pollution and wear and tear cause increasing problems.
Ex: Technology transfers between developed and underdeveloped nations have been the mainstays of economic development for over 30 years.Ex: One might mistakenly be left with the impression that the crisis is a mere ' banana republic' squabble over power.Ex: Syria unlike Iran is a mickey mouse country in terms of military power therefore cannot take any such a risk. -
15 sexo
m.1 sex.el bello sexo, el sexo débil the fair sexun organismo de sexo masculino a male organismsexo oral oral sexsexo seguro o sin riesgo safe sex2 genitals (genitales).pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: sexar.* * *1 sex\el bello sexo the fair sexel sexo débil the weaker sex* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (Bio) sexel sexo femenino/masculino — the female/male sex
2) (=órgano sexual) [de hombre] penis, sexual organs pl frm; [de mujer] vagina, sexual organs pl frm* * *a) (condición, género) sexsexo masculino/femenino — male/female sex
b) ( órganos genitales) sexual organs (pl)c) ( sexualidad) sex* * *= gender, sex, gender group, sexual act.Ex. The LA is currently conducting a major survey to collect and monitor information on gender, ethnic origin and disability which will enable the LA to highlight and tackle problems of inequality in the profession.Ex. Examination of the LCSH list reveals that considerations of nationality, ethnic background, religion, and sex have been factors which have entered into the construction, over the years, of LC's hypothetical reader.Ex. Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.Ex. Police say an employee at a homeless shelter in downtown Charleston offered reduced lodging rates in exchange for sexual acts.----* cambio de sexo = sex change.* concienciacion de la igualdad de sexos = gender awareness.* datos desagregados por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.* del mismo sexo = same-sex.* desigualdad entre los sexos = gender inequality.* diferencia debida al sexo = gender gap.* diferencia de sexo = gender difference.* diferencias de sexo = gender.* en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.* escena de sexo = sex scene.* estadísticas desegregadas por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.* igualdad entre los sexos = gender equality, sex equality, sexual equality.* matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo = same-sex marriage.* no discriminatorio con respecto al sexo = gender neutral.* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.* por el sexo = gendered.* por sexo = along gender lines.* relacionado con el sexo = gender-related.* rol establecido en función del sexo = gender role.* sexo a pelo = unprotected sex.* sexo con penetración = penetrative sex.* sexo de menores = underage sex.* sexo opuesto = opposite sex.* sexo oral = oral sex, cunnilingus, fellatio.* sexo perverso = kinky sex.* sexo seguro = safe sex.* sexo sin protección = unprotected sex.* vertirse del sexo opuesto = cross-dressing [crossdressing].* * *a) (condición, género) sexsexo masculino/femenino — male/female sex
b) ( órganos genitales) sexual organs (pl)c) ( sexualidad) sex* * *= gender, sex, gender group, sexual act.Ex: The LA is currently conducting a major survey to collect and monitor information on gender, ethnic origin and disability which will enable the LA to highlight and tackle problems of inequality in the profession.
Ex: Examination of the LCSH list reveals that considerations of nationality, ethnic background, religion, and sex have been factors which have entered into the construction, over the years, of LC's hypothetical reader.Ex: Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.Ex: Police say an employee at a homeless shelter in downtown Charleston offered reduced lodging rates in exchange for sexual acts.* cambio de sexo = sex change.* concienciacion de la igualdad de sexos = gender awareness.* datos desagregados por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.* del mismo sexo = same-sex.* desigualdad entre los sexos = gender inequality.* diferencia debida al sexo = gender gap.* diferencia de sexo = gender difference.* diferencias de sexo = gender.* en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.* escena de sexo = sex scene.* estadísticas desegregadas por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.* igualdad entre los sexos = gender equality, sex equality, sexual equality.* matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo = same-sex marriage.* no discriminatorio con respecto al sexo = gender neutral.* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.* por el sexo = gendered.* por sexo = along gender lines.* relacionado con el sexo = gender-related.* rol establecido en función del sexo = gender role.* sexo a pelo = unprotected sex.* sexo con penetración = penetrative sex.* sexo de menores = underage sex.* sexo opuesto = opposite sex.* sexo oral = oral sex, cunnilingus, fellatio.* sexo perverso = kinky sex.* sexo seguro = safe sex.* sexo sin protección = unprotected sex.* vertirse del sexo opuesto = cross-dressing [crossdressing].* * *1 (condición, género) sexsexo masculino/femenino male/female sex2 (órganos genitales) sexual organs (pl)3 (sexualidad) sexCompuestos:el sexo débil the weaker sexsafe sextelephone sex* * *
sexo sustantivo masculino
sex;
sexo seguro safe sex
sexo sustantivo masculino
1 Biol sex
sexo masculino/femenino, male/ female sex
(órganos sexuales) sexual organs
2 (relación sexual) sex
sexo seguro, safe sex
' sexo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
condicionamiento
- cuñada
- cuñado
- femenina
- femenino
- hermano
- masculina
- masculino
- padre
- rey
- sobrino
- tabú
- ligar
- perra
- pinchar
English:
boyish
- censor
- M
- male
- sex
- sex change
- they
- womanhood
- gender
- irrespective
- m
- opposite
* * *sexo nm1. [género] sex;el sexo masculino/femenino the male/female sex;el bello sexo, el sexo débil the fair sex;el sexo fuerte the stronger sex;un organismo de sexo masculino a male organism;esto es como hablar del sexo de los ángeles there's no point in having this discussion2. [genitales] genitals3. [sexualidad] sexsexo oral oral sex;sexo sin protección unprotected sex;sexo sin riesgo safe sex;sexo seguro safe sex* * *m1 sex* * *sexo nm: sex* * *sexo n sex -
16 расхождение
1) General subject: cleavage, contradiction (напр., в точках зрения), contrariety, credibility gap, dehiscence (eg. zonular dehiscence) (дегисценция зонул), difference, disaccord, discrepancy, disharmony, dissidence, dissimilation, divarication, divergence, divergence (дивергенци), divergence (дивергенция), divergency, diverging, diversification, gap, jarring (мнений), nonconcurrence, radiation, split up, split-up (во взглядах), variance2) Computers: inequality3) Biology: apostatis4) Naval: misconvergence, (судов) collision avoidance actions5) Medicine: assortment (генов или хромосом в мейозе), dehiscence (краёв раны), disjunction (хромосом), disruption, error, separation6) Botanical term: apostasis7) Military: breaking ranks8) Engineering: blowup (пучка), deviation, disagreement, disarrangement (результатов), gapping, toe-in (передних колёс автомобиля)9) Construction: disparity11) Accounting: imbalance, inconsistency12) Automobile industry: toe-in (передних колёс), toe-out, toe-out (передних колёс), toe-out (передних колес автомобиля)13) Diplomatic term: discrepancy (в резолюции, тексте, при голосовании и т.п.), gap (во взглядах и т.п.), rift, split-up (во взглядах и т.п.), variety14) Forestry: segregation15) Metallurgy: diversity, out-of-balance16) Information technology: disagreement (между схемами голосования), disalignment (результатов), discrepancy (результатов), dispersancy, distortion, odds18) Metrology: nonrepeatability, scatter (показаний)19) Advertising: point of difference20) Patents: contriety21) Oceanography: divergence (напр, течений)22) Cables: divergence (from)23) Makarov: discrepancy (в вычисленных значениях величин при геодезической съёмке), discrepancy (напр. опыта и теории), separation (напр. берегов трещины), separation (напр., берегов трещины), spread (лучей)24) Security: dissimilarity25) Research and development: range ((значений)() -
17 personal
adj.personal.una opinión/pregunta personal a personal opinion/questionpersonal e intransferible non-transferablef.personal foul.m.staff, personnel (trabajadores).personal docente teaching staffpersonal mínimo skeleton staffpersonal en plantilla in-house staffpersonal sanitario health workerspersonal de tierra ground crew* * *► adjetivo1 personal1 (de una empresa) personnel, staff\personal docente teaching staff* * *1. adj. 2. noun m.staff, personnel* * *1.ADJ personal2. SM1) (=plantilla) staff, personnel; ( esp Mil) force; (Náut) crew, complementestar falto de personal — to be shorthanded o shortstaffed
personal de cabina — cabin staff o crew
personal de tierra — (Aer) ground crew, ground staff
2) * (=gente) people3.SF (Baloncesto) personal foul* * *Iadjetivo personalIIa) (de fábrica, empresa) personnel (pl), staff (sing or pl)b) (Esp fam & hum) ( gente) people* * *Iadjetivo personalIIa) (de fábrica, empresa) personnel (pl), staff (sing or pl)b) (Esp fam & hum) ( gente) people* * *personal11 = manpower, manpower force, personnel, staff, staffing, work-force [workforce], crew.Ex: The question has been raised as to the manpower required to produce the ever-increasing number of abstracts.
Ex: This article focusses attention on formulating plans and policy for building up a manpower force for modernising library and information systems India within the next 5 years.Ex: Application areas include: personnel records, mailing lists, accident and incident records, clinical and health records, committee minutes and records, and so on.Ex: The current LC MARC data base contains both records created by the LC staff and those created by co-operating libraries and verified by the LC.Ex: During the discussions it became apparent that the most pressing issues of staffing, resources, procedural complexities and educational opportunities related to IT.Ex: Employers of library and information staff have to develop and maintain skills within the workforce.Ex: Phillips has 12 installations with a crew of 15-450 men.* actitud del personal = staff attitude.* administración de personal = personnel administration.* ahorro de personal = staff saving.* apoyo del personal = staff support.* asignar personal = commit + manpower.* bien dotado de personal = well-staffed.* costes de personal = staff costs.* dedicación del personal = staff hours.* desarrollo profesional del personal = staff development.* dotación de personal = staffing.* encargado de personal = personnel officer, welfare officer.* evaluación del personal = personnel evaluation.* exceso de personal administrativo = administrative bloat.* falta de personal = undermanning.* falto de personal = understaffed [under-staffed].* formación continua del personal = staff development.* formación del personal = staff training, professional development.* formar personal = produce + personnel.* funciones del personal = staff duties.* gastos en personal = staff costs.* gestión de personal = personnel management.* jefe de personal = personnel officer, welfare officer, staff manager.* jefe de personal de la biblioteca = library personnel officer.* miembro del personal = staff member, staffer.* movimiento de personal = staff turnover, turnover, labour turnover.* número y distribución de personal = staffing conditions.* personal administrativo = administrative staff.* personal administrativo de apoyo = clerical staff, clerical worker, clerical personnel.* personal auxiliar = clerical staff.* personal bibliotecario = library personnel, library staff, library worker.* personal civil = civilian staff.* personal cualificado = qualified staff, qualified personnel.* personal de ambulancia = ambulance crew.* personal de apoyo = paraprofessional staff, support staff.* personal de apoyo bibliotecario = library support staff.* personal de cabina = cabin crew.* personal de dirección = senior staff, senior management.* personal de la biblioteca = library staff, library worker.* personal del mostrador = counter staff.* personal del mostrador de préstamo = counter staff.* personal de mantenimiento = service worker.* personal de proceso de datos = operation staff.* personal de recepción = reception staff.* personal de referencia = reference staff, reference personnel.* personal de secretaría = secretarial staff.* personal de seguridad = security staff.* personal de servicios = service worker.* personal de un centro multimedia escolar = school media staff.* personal de vuelo = flight crew.* personal equivalente a tiempo completo = full-time equivalent staff (FTE staff).* personal joven = new blood.* personal más nuevo = junior staff.* personal militar = military personnel.* personal necesario = staffing levels.* personal paraprofesional = paraprofessional staff.* personal profesional = professional staff.* personal sanitario = clinical staff.* personal técnico = technical staff.* personal técnico de apoyo = support staff.* política de personal = personnel policy, staff policy.* puesta al día del personal = staff development.* que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = labour-intensive [labour intensive], staff-intensive [staff intensive].* razones del movimiento de personal = turnover behaviour.* recorte de personal = downsizing, staffing cut.* reducción de personal = staff cutbacks, downsizing.* registro de personal = personnel record.* renovación de personal = turnover, labour turnover.* responsable del personal de la biblioteca = library personnel officer.* reunión de personal = staff meeting.* ritmo de movimiento de personal = turnover rate.* sala de estar para el personal = coffee lounge.* sala de personal = staff lounge.* sección de personal = personnel department, personnel office.* selección de personal = personnel recruitment.* sólo para personal autorizado = restricted access.* tareas del personal = staff duties.* tasa de movimiento de personal = turnover rate, turnover rate.* turnos del personal = staffing rota.* vacante de personal = staff vacancy.personal2= one-to-one, personal, private, intimate, one-on-one.Ex: A few large libraries contain an adult learning centre, which provides training courses for volunteer tutors, one-to-one tutoring or instruction in small groups.
Ex: Cards will remain useful for small local and personal indexes but other options, in the form of microcomputers and their software are beginning to compete in this application.Ex: SWALCAP supports a network arrangement of remote terminals and minicomputers linked to the central computer via private lines.Ex: Until we feel as librarians that we are an intimate part of society, we will never begin to believe that we really function.Ex: The one-on-one training pattern predominates and is effective at this institution where education in the singular is stressed.* actitud personal = personal attitude.* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.* alarma personal = rape alarm, personal alarm.* anuncio personal = personal ad.* aprovechamiento personal = personal gain.* archivo personal = private archives, personal archive(s), personal records.* armadura personal = body armour.* artículo personal = personal item.* asunto personal = personal issue.* atención personal = personal attention.* atención personal al cliente = personal selling.* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.* atracción personal = personal attraction.* autoría personal = personal authorship.* autor personal = personal author.* autor personal único = single personal authorship.* beneficio personal = personal gain.* biblioteca personal = personal library.* bienes personales = personal property.* blindaje personal = body armour.* característica personal = personality trait, personality characteristic.* carta personal = personal letter.* cheque personal = personal cheque.* comentario personal = personal note.* comentario personal de una lectura = reading-reportage.* compromiso personal = personal engagement, personal investment.* contacto personal = personal contact, public contact.* contratación de personal cualificado de otras empresas = lateral hiring.* convicción personal = personal conviction.* cualidades personales = personal qualities.* cuestión personal = personal issue, life issue.* datos personales = personal details.* dinero para gastos personales = pocket change, pocket money.* documentos personales = personal papers.* economía personal = personal finance.* efectos personales = personal belongings.* ego personal = personal ego.* encabezamiento de nombre personal = personal name heading.* enriquecimiento personal = personal enrichment.* entrada de nombre personal = personal name entry.* entrevista personal = personal interview.* espacio personal = personal space, territorial space, personal space territory.* estilo personal = persona [personae, -pl.].* expediente personal = personal records.* experiencia personal = personal experience.* gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.* gusto personal = personal taste, personal preference.* hábito personal = personal habit.* hacer uso personal = make + personal use.* higiene personal = personal hygiene.* historia personal = personal history.* índice de rendimiento personal = individual performance index.* información personal = personal information.* interés personal = vested interest, personal interest.* interpersonal = person-to-person.* intimidad personal = personal privacy.* invasión del espacio personal = invasion of space.* libertad personal = personal freedom.* logro personal = a feather in + Posesivo + cap, personal achievement.* marca personal = personal record.* miembro personal = personal member.* nombre personal = personal name.* norma personal = personal norm.* opinión personal = personal opinion.* ordenador personal (PC) = personal computer (PC).* para uso personal = for personal use.* perder un objeto personal = lose + property.* personal investigador = research staff.* PIN (número de identificación personal) = PIN (personal identification number).* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* preferencia personal = personal preference.* problema personal = personal problem.* razones personales = personal reasons.* realización personal = personal fulfilment.* récord personal = personal record.* responsabilidad personal = personal responsibility.* satisfacción personal = personal satisfaction.* seguridad personal = personal safety.* sello personal = fingerprint [finger-print].* sicología personal = personal psychology.* sistema de valores personales = personal value system.* tecnología del ordenador personal = personal computer technology.* tener un interés muy personal en = hold + a stake in, have + a stake in.* territorio personal = personal space territory.* toque personal = personal touch.* triunfo personal = a feather in + Posesivo + cap.* uso personal = personal use.* vida personal = personal life.* voluntad personal = personal will.* * *‹asunto/documento/pregunta› personal; ‹opinión/juicio› personalobjetos de uso personal personal effectsuna alusión personal a personal remarkestá basado en su experiencia personal it is based on (his own) personal experienceno tiene ningún interés personal en el asunto he has no personal interest in the matterestamos escasos de personal we're short-staffedintentan aumentar la producción con el mismo personal they are trying to increase production with the same number of staff o with the same workforce¡cuánto personal hay en la calle! what a lot of people there are in the street!saca unas copas para el personal get some glasses out for everyone o for peopleCompuestos:cabin staff o crew( Arg) staff ( of a building)ground crew o staffflight crew* * *
personal adjetivo
personal;
■ sustantivo masculino (de fábrica, empresa) personnel (pl), staff ( sing or pl);
estamos escasos de personal we're short-staffed
personal
I adjetivo personal
una carta personal, a private letter
II sustantivo masculino (trabajadores) staff, personnel
' personal' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
consignar
- contingente
- dato
- efecto
- escala
- interés
- jefa
- jefe
- lavandería
- llave
- objeto
- particular
- pasar
- placa
- plana
- plano
- presente
- primar
- privada
- privado
- abandonar
- ampliación
- ampliar
- aseo
- auxiliar
- bien
- citar
- computadora
- consultorio
- coqueto
- defensa
- dejadez
- dejado
- despedir
- diario
- falta
- historial
- insuficiencia
- intimidad
- número
- palacio
- patrimonio
- PC
- planilla
- plantilla
- reducción
- tarjeta
- uno
English:
accustom
- achievement
- agree
- appreciate
- averse
- balloon
- battle
- cleanliness
- computer
- dear
- decision
- decision making
- delay
- despite
- diary
- dodge
- employ
- excuse
- exploit
- first-hand
- gap
- heart-to-heart
- love
- maintenance staff
- mate
- myself
- neglect
- office staff
- PA
- pc
- personal
- personal best
- personal computer
- personal pronoun
- personally
- personnel
- personnel department
- personnel management
- private
- private income
- put off
- referee
- self-improvement
- self-interest
- short-staffed
- staff
- staff meeting
- staff training
- staffing
- strength
* * *♦ adj[privado, íntimo] personal;una opinión/pregunta personal a personal opinion/question;mi teléfono personal es… my home o private number is…;para uso personal for personal use;personal e intransferible non-transferable♦ nm1. [trabajadores] staff, personnelpersonal administrativo administrative staff;personal de cabina cabin staff o crew;personal docente teaching staff;personal de oficina office staff;personal de planta staff;personal de tierra ground staff o crew;personal de ventas sales force o teamel personal quería ir al cine the gang wanted to go to the cinema♦ nf[en baloncesto] personal foul* * *I adj personalII m1 personnel, staff;personal docente teaching staff2 en baloncesto personal foul* * *personal adj: personal♦ personalmente advpersonal nm: personnel, staff* * *personal1 adj personal / privatepersonal2 n staff -
18 уширение прохода
Military: development of the gap, widening of the gap -
19 ῥήγνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to tear (up), to break (to pieces), to burst' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. ῥήξω, aor. ῥῆξαι (all Il.), perf. midd. ἔρρηγ-μαι (θ 137), act. (intr.) ἔρρωγα (Archil., Hp., trag.), ptc. ἐρρηγεῖα (Tab. Heracl.), trans. ἔρρηχα (hell.), aor. pass. ῥαγῆναι (Il.) w. fut. ῥαγήσομαι (A. a.o.), ῥηχθῆναι (late); new pres. ῥήσσω, ῥήττω (Hp., hell.; to ῥῆξαι, ῥήξω).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, περι-. As 1. member in verbal governing compp. ῥηξ(ι)-, e.g. ῥηξ-ήνωρ adjunct. of Achilles, `breaking the (rows of) men' (Hom.) with - ηνορίη (ξ 217); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 180; diff. Muller Mnem. 46, 135ff.: to Lat. regō (by Kretschmer Glotta 11,249 rightly doubted); Jernstedt (s. Idg. Jb. 14, 151): to ῥήσσω `to throw (down)'; cf. the lit. on ἀνήρ.Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. ῥῆγμα ( ἔκ-, σύν-) n. `tore, cleft, breach' (IA.) with ῥηγματίης, - τώδης (Hp.); 2. ῥηγμός `id.' (pap. IIIa); 3. ῥηγμίν (- μίς), - μῖνος f. `breaking down of a cart, breaking of the sea' (ep. Il.); ῑν-deriv.; cf. Chantraine Form. 168, Schwyzer 465; after Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 40 influenced by θῑν ( θίς); 4. ῥῆξις ( κατά-, περί- etc.), Aeol. Ϝρῆξις f. `breaking through, breach' (Alc., Hp., E., Arist.) with ῥηκτικός ( κατα-) `fragile, brittle' (Hp., Aët.); 5. ῥήκτης m. "the disruptor", des. of a certain form of earthquake (Arist., Lyd.); 6. Ϝρηγαλέον (cod. τρ-) διερρωγότα H.; cf. below B 4 and Leumann Hom. Wörter 273; 7. αὔρηκτος = ἄ-Ϝρηκτος `unbroken' (Hdn. Gr.). -- B. With ω-ablaut: 1. ῥώξ f. only ῥῶγας acc.pl. (χ 143) `tore' = `narrow passage' (cf.Wace JHSt. 71, 203ff., Bérard REGr. 67, 23ff.), further in prefixcompp., e.g. ἀπορρώξ `torn off', f. `torn off piece, outflow' (ep. poet. Il.); 2. διαρρωγή f. `gap, interspace' (Hp.); ῥωγαί ῥήξεις H.; 3. ῥωγάς, - άδος `torn up, cleft' (hell. poetry.); 4. ῥωγαλέος `torn up, full of holes' (Hom.); 5. ῥωγμή f. `breach, tore' (Hp., Arist.) with ῥωγματίης (Hp. ap. Gal.; cf. A 1); ῥωχμός m. `tore, cleft, gap' (Ψ 420, hell. ; \< - σμο-, Schwyzer 493), - μαί pl. `id.' (Marc. Sid.). -- C. With zero grade: 1. ῥαγή ( δια-), ῥαγάς, ῥάγδην, ῥαγδαῖος s. ῥαγή; 2. ῥάγος n. `rag, shred' (pap. IIp), ῥαγόεις (Nic.) after ῥάκος (s.v.), - όεις; 3. περιρραγ-ής `broken around' (AP; from περι-ρραγῆναι).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1182] *wreh₁ǵ- `break'Etymology: With ῥήγνυμι \< *Ϝρήγνυμι (cf. Ϝρῆξις, Ϝρηγαλέος) agrees semant. exactly primary Arm. ergic-anem, aor. ergic-i with the usu. caus. ergic-uc̣anem `tear apart, break'. Also phonetically they agree well except the stemvowel, as Arm. ergic-anem prop. requires an IE diphthong (u̯reiǵ-) against Gr. ῥηγ- \< u̯rēg-. If the regular phonetic development was not disturbed by one or other derailment, what would hardly suprise with a verb of this meaning, the verbs must be seprated; cf. Frisk Etyma Armen. 29 (with another hypothesis on ergicanem). Phonetically doubtful but semant. less convincing is the comparison (since Meillet MSL 9, 142) with a Balto-Slav. verb for `beat etc.' in Lith. rė́žti `cut, incise, beat', OCS rězati ' κόπτειν', Russ. rézatь `cut, slaughter' usw., to which also a.o. Russ. razítь `beat'; cf. on ῥάσσω w. lit.; older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 319 a. 2, 344. The forms with ῥαγ- must be secondary (as *u̯r̥h₁ǵ- would give Ϝρηγ-).Page in Frisk: 2,652-653Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥήγνυμι
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20 Braun, Karl Ferdinand
[br]b. 6 June 1850 Fulda, Hesse, Germanyd. 20 April 1918 New York City, New York, USA[br]German physicist who shared with Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize for Physics for developments in wireless telegraphy; inventor of the cathode ray oscilloscope.[br]After obtaining degrees from the universities of Marburg and Berlin (PhD) and spending a short time as Headmaster of the Thomas School in Berlin, Braun successively held professorships in theoretical physics at the universities of Marburg (1876), Strasbourg (1880) and Karlsruhe (1883) before becoming Professor of Experimental Physics at Tübingen in 1885 and Director and Professor of Physics at Strasbourg in 1895.During this time he devised experimental apparatus to determine the dielectric constant of rock salt and developed the Braun high-tension electrometer. He also discovered that certain mineral sulphide crystals would only conduct electricity in one direction, a rectification effect that made it possible to detect and demodulate radio signals in a more reliable manner than was possible with the coherer. Primarily, however, he was concerned with improving Marconi's radio transmitter to increase its broadcasting range. By using a transmitter circuit comprising a capacitor and a spark-gap, coupled to an aerial without a spark-gap, he was able to obtain much greater oscillatory currents in the latter, and by tuning the transmitter so that the oscillations occupied only a narrow frequency band he reduced the interference with other transmitters. Other achievements include the development of a directional aerial and the first practical wavemeter, and the measurement in Strasbourg of the strength of radio waves received from the Eiffel Tower transmitter in Paris. For all this work he subsequently shared with Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize for Physics.Around 1895 he carried out experiments using a torsion balance in order to measure the universal gravitational constant, g, but the work for which he is probably best known is the addition of deflecting plates and a fluorescent screen to the Crooke's tube in 1897 in order to study the characteristics of high-frequency currents. The oscilloscope, as it was called, was not only the basis of a now widely used and highly versatile test instrument but was the forerunner of the cathode ray tube, or CRT, used for the display of radar and television images.At the beginning of the First World War, while in New York to testify in a patent suit, he was trapped by the entry of the USA into the war and remained in Brooklyn with his son until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with Marconi) 1909.Bibliography1874, "Assymetrical conduction of certain metal sulphides", Pogg. Annal. 153:556 (provides an account of the discovery of the crystal rectifier).1897, "On a method for the demonstration and study of currents varying with time", Wiedemann's Annalen 60:552 (his description of the cathode ray oscilloscope as a measuring tool).Further ReadingK.Schlesinger \& E.G.Ramberg, 1962, "Beamdeflection and photo-devices", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 50, 991.KF
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development gap — the disparity in development between the EMDW and ELDW … Geography glossary
Gap junction protein, alpha 1 — Gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kDa PDB rendering based on 1r5s … Wikipedia
GAP computer algebra system — GAP (Groups, Algorithms and Programming) is a computer algebra system for computational discrete algebra with particular emphasis on, but not restricted to, computational group theory. GAP was developed at Lehrstuhl D für Mathematik (LDFM), RWTH… … Wikipedia
gap — 1. The word is widely used as the second element of expressions denoting ‘a divergence in views, sympathies, development, etc.’ Those recorded in the OED include age gap (1963), credibility gap (first recorded in 1966), dollar gap (1948), export… … Modern English usage
Gap Connah's Quay F.C. — gap Connah s Quay Nomads Full name gap Connah s Quay Nomads Football Club Nickname(s) The Nomads Founded 1946 (as Connah s Quay Juniors) … Wikipedia
Development in the Americas — is the flagship publication series of the Inter American Development Bank, formerly known as the Economic and Progress Social Report (IPES as per its Spanish acronym), the DIA is produced annually, but compiles the results of research conducted… … Wikipedia
Development in Action — Logo Development in Action (DiA) is a small UK International development Non governmental organization run by young people for young people . Its main objective is to promote global citizenship by encouraging engagement in global issues amongst… … Wikipedia
gap funding — noun Money provided by the government to private concerns in order to ensure that the development of unused and unattractive sites is profitable • • • Main Entry: ↑gap … Useful english dictionary
Gap-43 protein — Growth associated protein 43 Identifiers Symbols GAP43; B 50; PP46 External IDs OMIM … Wikipedia
Gap (clothing retailer) — Infobox Company company name = Gap, Inc. company company type = Public (nyse|GPS) foundation = 1969 in San Francisco, California location = San Francisco, California key people = Founded by Donald Fisher and Doris F. Fisher Robert J. Fisher,… … Wikipedia
gap — gapless, adj. /gap/, n., v., gapped, gapping. n. 1. a break or opening, as in a fence, wall, or military line; breach: We found a gap in the enemy s line of fortifications. 2. an empty space or interval; interruption in continuity; hiatus: a… … Universalium
